Every time you use a piece of technology—whether it's a computer, smartphone, or car—chances are an engineer or inventor played a key role in making it possible. Engineering innovators have shaped the tools and systems we rely on daily, from electrical circuits to transportation, modern machinery, and much more.
Think of iconic figures like Thomas Edison, who gave us the lightbulb, or other lesser-known engineers, mathematicians, and scientists whose foundational work paved the way for the technologies we often take for granted. While some names are less familiar, the contributions of these unsung heroes are just as vital, forming the backbone of the technological advancements our modern civilization is built on.
In this article, we’ll dive into the top 10 greatest engineers of all time and explore how they made their mark on the world, offering inspiration and guidance to students who are considering a career in engineering.
1. Archimedes
Born in 287 BC on the island of Sicily (a colony of Ancient Greece colony at the time), he is renowned for his inventions and scientific discoveries, Archimedes is considered one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Apart from making important contributions to the fields of geometry, calculus, and fluid mechanics, this trail-blazer was also responsible for formulating the principle of buoyancy (the Archimedes’ Principle) that explains why objects float or sink in a fluid.
Beyond his well-known principles, Archimedes was a master at applying mathematical ideas to practical challenges. His ability to see solutions where others might not highlights the power of combining theory with real-world application. He invented the Archimedean screw, a device still used today for moving water, and provided pioneering work on levers, famously stating, "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the Earth." For students considering a career in engineering, Archimedes exemplifies how perseverance, creativity, and a willingness to explore new approaches can lead to breakthroughs that have a lasting impact on the world.
2. Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was a quintessential polymath—an inventor, engineer, artist, anatomist, and much more. Born in the Republic of Florence (present-day Italy), his diverse talents established him as a Renaissance icon, with contributions spanning multiple fields, from painting to science and technology.
As an engineer, da Vinci was ahead of his time. He created designs for flying devices, submarines, and war machines, many of which were never built during his lifetime. His notebooks outlined detailed plans for hydraulic systems, bridges, and military equipment, emphasizing his deep understanding of mechanics and physics. Combining art and engineering principles, he effortlessly created functional designs with an aesthetic touch.
Leonardo da Vinci’s work is inspiring because he demonstrates that innovation requires a combination of creativity, curiosity, and hands-on experimentation—qualities and skills that any budding engineer should focus on.
3. Thomas Newcomen
Similar to da Vinci, Newcomen applied his creativity and problem-solving skills to create ground-breaking innovations. His development of the first practical steam engine around the year 1712 to lift water out of the Conygree Coalworks mine in Tipton, UK was the watershed moment (literally) that kickstarted the Industrial Revolution, demonstrating that clever engineering is all about using your imagination to tackle real-world problems.
As an inventor and engineer, Newcomen’s steam engine transformed the mining industry, pumping water from mines. Unlike previous efforts, his engine produced sufficient power for consistent and reliable operation, establishing it as the industry standard for years. His partnership with ironmonger John Calley was also instrumental in constructing his steam engines, highlighting the vital role of teamwork in engineering success.
4. Charles Babbage
If you’re reading this on a computer, you can thank Charles Babbage, a brilliant mathematician and inventor born in London in 1791. While he didn’t create the computer in its current form, his ground-breaking concepts formed the foundation for modern computers. This is why he's often referred to as "the father of computing."
Babbage invented a general-purpose mechanical computer (the “Analytical Engine”) then went on to design the “Difference Engine,” a revolutionary, automatic calculator of mathematical tables. In hindsight we can recognize Babbage’s brilliance, but at the time he struggled to secure funding and buy-in for his inventions. Neither machine was fully realized in his lifetime, but his concepts influenced future generations of engineers and inventors. Resilience and determination are therefore key attributes of successful engineers.
5. Karl Benz
If you’ve driven a car today, you have Karl Benz to thank. He was the first person to build a car with a fully integrated internal combustion engine. Granted a patent in 1886, he sold the first model of his car in 1888. Although his invention was met with skepticism at the time, his ideas meaningfully formed the basis for later versions of cars and trucks.
Family and friends can play a crucial role in your career by offering support and guidance to help you achieve your goals. For Karl Benz, his wife Bertha did just that. In 1888, unknown to him at the time, she drove the Patent-Motorwagen on the first long-distance road trip and proved its reliability. Now we all know Mercedes-Benz as one of the most prestigious and reliable automotive brands in the world.
6. Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone and transforming communications. Similar to other impressive engineers in our top 10, he didn’t just stop there. Bell also made significant advancements in the fields of aeronautics, hydrofoils, and optical telecommunications as well as founding the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), which would go on to shape the global telecommunications landscape.
Sometimes your background can inspire your passion and lead to career success. Bell was a teacher of speech and elocution before becoming an inventor, motivated by his commitment to helping people with hearing loss, as both of his parents were actively engaged in the study of speech and hearing. His passion for sound and communication was profound, serving as the driving force behind his invention of the telephone.
7. Thomas Edison
One thing you can definitely say about Edison is that he was an optimist. He is well known for stating that he never failed. Instead, he posited that he would succeed every now and again with an invention that would change the world. The rest of the time, he tried thousands of other things with only one fault—they would never work.
This ‘glass half full,’ approach was key to Edison’s engineering success: culminating in the first commercially successful incandescent lightbulb. He then went on to invent the Universal Stock Printer to synchronize stock ticker transactions, quadruplex telegraph, and phonograph, securing over 1,000 U.S. patents for his various inventions.
Edison’s famous quote, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration," reflects his belief in hard work and determination, reminding us that success often comes from perseverance, not just raw talent. In addition to honing your technical knowledge, cultivating a strong work ethic, collaborating with others, and continuously refining your skills will ensure you are on track to achieve your career goals and aspirations.
8. Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla is credited with designing the alternating current (AC) electrical system that's still in use worldwide today. Not only that, he also invented the first AC hydroelectric power plant and the Tesla coil, an inductor that continues to be used in radio technology. And yes, Elon Musk’s company, Tesla Motors, is named after this famous inventor.
Tesla was known for his boundless curiosity and creativity, showing how a visionary mind-set can change the world. Engineering students can align with these attributes by always asking questions, pushing through challenges, and staying committed. Tesla’s legacy shows that innovation comes from bold ideas, persistence, and a willingness to push boundaries.
9. Robert Goddard
Robert Goddard is an inspiring figure who turned dreams of space travel into a reality. Combining aerospace engineering and space exploration, be became known as the “father of modern rocketry” via pioneering work that laid the foundation for future space missions.
Goddard’s most notable achievement was the development of the first liquid-fueledrocket, successfully launched in 1926. This breakthrough made it possible to achieve higher altitudes and greater distances, marking the beginning of controlled flight in space. Despite much skepticism and criticism, Goddard’s perseverance and vision pushed boundaries and highlighted the importance of persistence and imagination in the engineering world.
10. Alan Turing
Last, but by no means least, is Alan Turing, a true pioneer for anyone passionate about computer science and AI. Turing transformed our understanding of machines and computation with his invention of the Turing Machine in the 1930s. This theoretical device, capable of solving any problem defined by an algorithm, became the blueprint for the modern computer. He also played a crucial role in cracking the German Enigma code during World War II, significantly aiding the Allied victory. His story was brought to life in the 2014 film The Imitation Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch.
Turing shared a similar title to his predecessor 100+ years earlier, Charles Babbage, as the "father of modern computing." His pioneering work laid the foundation for everything from computers to AI, and his influence can still be seen in today's technology.
Takeaways
The greatest engineers of all time have left a lasting legacy that continues to shape our modern world. From transforming communications and transportation, to pioneering the first computer, their groundbreaking work demonstrates that engineering is all about turning visionary ideas into reality. They saw possibilities where others saw obstacles, and their innovations continue to impact our lives today.
Engineering offers an exciting and rewarding career with vast potential. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in engineering occupations is expected to grow faster than the average for all jobs up to 2033. In particular, fields like data engineering, aerospace, civil, industrial, and computer hardware engineering are in demand.
As shown by our top 10 greatest engineers, success in this field goes beyond knowledge—it's about creativity, passion, persistence, and problem-solving. By embracing this mindset, you'll be poised to make a lasting impact in both your studies and future career.
Check out our article on the Top 10 Skills for Becoming a Successful Engineer if you’re looking to enhance integral skills and maximize your potential in the engineering world. Completing an Online Engineering Internship can also be a great way to explore this potential career path, secure guidance from an expert mentor, and further develop your skills.